Consider the following situation: Imagine a company planning to launch a new version of its product. It must choose between two flavors: spicy or smooth. To make an informed decision, the company randomly surveys 200 people for their preferences. The overall result is shown in the table below: The result shows that 80% of users liked the spicy flavor and 75% liked the smooth flavor, leading us to believe that launching the spicy product would be the best decision. However, wh

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a relevant topic on Brazilian social media. According to research led by Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, entitled “Imaginaries about Artificial Intelligence in the Brazilian digital debate” (2024), there were 365,000 posts about AI on Facebook, X and Instagram between January 1 and May 31, 2024. Of these posts, 41% were classified as optimistic, 7% as pessimistic and 42% as neutral. I believe these percentages will change as

By tossing a coin once, what is the probability of having a head? Easy question. If a coin is fair, it is 50%...